Medical Disclaimer

All questions and explanations on BoardsQA are written as educational exercises for board exam preparation. They are designed to test knowledge of surgical oncology principles, not to provide clinical recommendations.

Clinical scenarios presented are simplified for educational purposes. They may omit clinical complexity, co-morbidities, and patient-specific factors that would be essential in actual clinical decision-making.

Do not use this platform to inform decisions about patient care. Clinical management must be based on:

• Current, version-specific clinical guidelines (NCCN, ESMO, NICE)
• Individual patient assessment by qualified clinicians
• Multidisciplinary team discussion where appropriate
• Institutional protocols and local expertise

All content is authored by Dr. Pablo Lozano Lominchar, MD, PhD, EBPSM, acting in personal capacity as educator. The content and views expressed on this platform do not represent the positions, policies, or recommendations of:

• Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM)
• Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
• Asociación Española de Cirujanos (AEC)
• Any other professional body or institution

Surgical oncology guidelines are updated regularly. Question content on this platform may not reflect the most current guideline editions at all times.

Always verify clinical guidance against the most current published versions of NCCN, ESMO, PSOGI, or relevant national guidelines before applying to patient care.

If you identify a factual error, outdated guideline reference, or clinical inaccuracy in any question or explanation, please report it at:

contact@boardsqa.com or use the contact form.

We review all reported errors and update content as quickly as possible.